For this assignment, you will write a three page research paper in which you discuss the risk types and trends associated with a publicly traded construction or manufacturing business. In this paper, please address the following questions:

• What strategic risks have been taken or will be taken by your business?
• What operational risks does your business take on a daily basis?
• What are the financial risks taken in your business?
• What compliance risks might your business face?

Requirements

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Government and Not-For-Profit Accounting Portfolio #2

Your portfolio project will provide specific answers to questions that follow. Apply what you have learned in this course to your answers to these questions.

P. 2-7: Is fund accounting less appropriate for businesses than for not-for-profits? (80 Points)

Scenario 1:
A newly formed not-for-profit advocacy organization, the Center for Participatory Democracy, requests your advice on setting up its financial accounting and reporting system. Meeting with the director, you learn the following:

• Member dues can be expected to account for approximately 80 percent of the organization’s revenues.
• The organization plans to seek grants from private foundations to carry out research projects pertaining to various political causes.
• The center has already received a gift of $100,000. The donor specified that the funds are to be placed in investment-grade securities and that only the income is to be used to support center activities.
• The center leases office space but owns its furniture, fixtures, and office equipment. The center has taken out a five-year term loan of $100,000. Although the loan is not due until its term expires, the organization intends to set aside $17,740 each year with the prospect that, properly invested, and these payments will provide the necessary $100,000.

Instructions:

1. Do you believe that the center should establish its accounting system on a fund basis? If so, why?
2. Assume you answered ‘‘yes’’ to question 1. What specific fund types do you think the center should set up? Explain.
3. Alternatively, suppose the center was a privately owned, profit-oriented consulting firm that provided political advice to its clients. The firm would charge its clients a fixed fee each month in return for which they would receive periodic newsletters and the opportunity to meet with the firms’ partners. In addition, the firm expects to enter into contracts to carry out specific research projects for its clients. Would you now recommend that the firm establish its accounting system on a fund basis (assuming, of course, that it would prepare its external financial reports in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to businesses)? Explain.

P. 5-5: Can a government sell assets to itself to generate revenue? (80 points)

Scenario 2:
A city is having fiscal problems in 2015. It expects to report a deficit in its general fund, the only fund that is statutorily required to be balanced. To eliminate the anticipated defecate the city opts to ‘‘sell’’ its city hall—to itself—for $5 million. The city establishes a ‘‘capital asset financing agency.’’ The agency is a separate legal entity but will have to be reported as a component unit. As such it will be accounted for in a fund other than the general fund. The city structures the transaction as follows:

• The financing agency pays the city $5 million in 2015 in exchange for ‘‘ownership’’ of city hall. The city hall has been carried as general capital asset.
• The agency acquires the necessary cash by issuing 20-year, 6 percent notes. The notes will be repaid in twenty annual installments of $435,920. The notes are guaranteed by the city at large. Hence, they are ultimately a liability payable from the general fund.
• The agency leases the city hall back to the city at large. Lease payments are to be paid out of general fund resources.

Instructions:

1. Prepare journal entries in the general fund to record the sale and concurrent lease-back of the city hall. The lease-back satisfies the criteria of a capital lease transaction.
2. Prepare journal entries in the general fund to record the first lease payment, which was made in 2015.
3. Will the transaction, in fact, reduce the 2015 anticipated fund deficit? Briefly justify the accounting principles that underlie this type of accounting.

EX. 10-7: Nonexpendable fiduciary funds should be accounted for on a full accrual basis. (70 points)

Scenario 3:
The Nebraska Institute of Science (NIS) pools all of its endowment funds so that it can obtain the benefits of a large and diverse investment portfolio. The institute recently acquired a commercial office building as an investment property. The cost was $12 million and its economic life was expected to be 15 years. Upon acquiring the building, NIS signed a 15-year lease with a tenant. The annual rent was $1.3 million, with the tenant responsible for all maintenance and other operating costs.

Instructions:

1. Suppose that the NIS did not charge depreciation and distributed to expendable funds the entire ‘‘income’’ earned on the office building.
   1. What would be the total amount distributed over the 15-year life of the building?
   2. Assuming that NIS’s estimate of economic life was correct, what would likely be the market value of the building when the lease expired? Would NIS have had available any cash for the acquisition of other assets that would compensate for the decline in value of the building?
2. Suppose NIS charged depreciation and distributed to expendable funds the entire ‘‘income’’ earned on the office building.
   1. What would be the total amount distributed over the 15-year life of the building?
   2. Assuming that NIS’s estimate of economic life was correct, what would likely be the market value of the building when the lease expired?
   3. Would NIS have had available any cash for the acquisition of other assets that would compensate for the decline in value of the building?
3. Suppose NIS charged depreciation and distributed to expendable funds the entire ‘‘income’’ earned on the office building.
   1. What would be the total amount distributed over the 15-year life of the building?
   2. Assuming that NIS’s estimate of economic life was correct, what would likely be the market value of the building when the lease expired? Would NIS have had available any cash for the acquisition of other assets to compensate for the decline in value of the building?

Requirements:

• Include a cover page denoting the paper title, your name, the course number and name, your instructor’s name, and the date you are making the submission.
• Format your paper according to CSU-Global APA and Writing Requirements. Use APA citations where appropriate, and include an APA- formatted reference page at the end.
• Submit your final case study to the Week 8 Assignment page.

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In the supplemental readings you saw some examples of firms that have announced dividends, stock splits, and reverse stock splits. The assigned research paper reading looked at firm’s decisions and what factors appear to affect payout decisions. For this activity you will write a short one page to one and a half page paper on a firm of your choosing meeting the following criteria:

Publicly traded
You can provide a link to the firm’s profile and financial summary (similar to what can be found in Yahoo finance (Links to an external site.)). Note: this can be other websites and non U.S. stocks can be used as well

An announcement that a firm has split, repurchased, dividend, or other payout discussed in the module’s readings in the past 3 months. The announcement could include the announcement of a firm cancelling their dividend payments as well as the various payouts.

For the selected firm provide a brief profile of the firm including the primary businesses/industry of the firm. Provide an overview of the industry. Address issues such as whether the firm is considered being in a growth industry, mature industry and the role/impact your firm has on the industry.

Discuss the payout strategy selected by your firm. What did the firm announce? Why did the firm make the announcement? Based on your study of dividends and other payouts does the strategy make sense? What signals is management sending with the announcement? Do you agree with the decision? As a shareholder would you be pleased with the announcement? Why or why not?

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Larry Landlord has recently renovated an apartment and has put it on the market to be rented for $800.00 a month. Larry Landlord has been in business for approximately five (5) years and has had both positive and negative experiences with tenants. Larry Landlord is hoping to find a good, long-term tenant for his apartment. Roger Renter saw Larry’s sign for the apartment for rent and thought the location and the apartment would be perfect. Roger met Larry to look at the apartment and Roger fell in love with it. All of the interior fixtures had been replaced and the unit had a nice large closet. Roger noticed that although newly painted, the exterior of the apartment did show a little bit of wear. Because of the condition of the exterior of the building, Roger asked Larry about any roof leaks. Larry stated that he had never had a leak and was not aware of any leaks.

Roger and Larry entered into a valid contract for the rental of the apartment. (Note: The issue of whether or not a contract exists is NOT part of this question. For purposes of this question assume the contract is valid and there are no issues with the contract.)  

Roger Renter was very happy in his new location; the apartment was quiet and the neighbors were friendly. Larry Landlord was also very happy because Roger Renter was a model tenant. Roger Renter paid on time and was quiet and respectful to other tenants.

The part of the country where Roger rented was rainy in the summertime. Roger rented and moved into the apartment in October. In June, a tremendous rainstorm occurred and Roger’s roof began to leak. The leak was minor at first and Roger merely put a trash can under the leak and had no other issues that month. When handing over his monthly rent check, Roger told Larry about the small leak. Larry thanked Roger for letting him know about the leak and told Roger he would have it fixed. 

The next month the rains came again and the leak grew larger in Roger’s apartment. Roger was not home at the time of the rain and therefore the leak damaged some of Roger’s furniture. Roger called Larry to let him know that there was a leak and asked when it might be fixed. Roger also stated that he thought Larry had fixed the roof. Larry curtly stated, “When it rains, sometimes it pours. When it pours, sometimes it leaks.” Roger did not like Larry’s tone or response and called back to ask when the roof might be fixed. Larry stated, “When I get to it.” The following day, Roger sent Larry a note about the roof leak and asked Larry to please address the issue.

The week before the rent was due, another rainstorm occurred and the leak was even larger. This time the leak damaged Roger’s clothing, furniture, and some precious items he had inherited from family members. Roger called Larry and asked Larry to fix roof immediately. Larry responded in a similar and condescending manner. Roger hung up the phone and threw his baseball bat against the wall, damaging the drywall and knocking out an electrical socket.  

Since it was the rainy season, Roger knew it would rain again and therefore simply moved his items away from the leak and did nothing to help mitigate the damage from the leaking roof.

Larry came into the apartment to investigate the leak and found damage from not only the leak but also from the thrown baseball bat. Roger states that the baseball bat damage was a direct result of Larry’s inability to fix the leak based on his anger from Larry’s curt response.

Suppose you are a mediator. In five to seven (5-7) pages discuss the rights and responsibilities of the landlord and the tenant in which you:

1. Explore the legal rights and responsibilities of the tenant and the landlord. 
2. Decide whether or not the landlord and / or the tenant had a legal duty to mitigate damages. 
3. Determine whether or not Larry has legal grounds to evict Roger. Explain why or why not.  
4. Describe whether or not Roger has a legal obligation to pay for the damage he caused and determine whether or not Larry would be liable for any direct damage. 
5. Support each response with facts presented in the scenario.
6. Use proper legal terminology throughout your responses. 
7. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
8. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
   • Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
   • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
   • Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

*Please see the rubric striving for an A”

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