Philosophy 1301

Unit 3 Study Questions:Below you will find a list of study questions to help you prepare for the Unit 3 Test. Please carefully review these questions before, during, and after you read (and re-read, and re-read) the textbook chapters. The test questions will cover the same content as the study questions (although they may be worded differently).Chapter 7Nietzsche announces the death of God in a parable      abouta. A madman holding a lanternb. A lonely prophet walking the earthc. Jesusd. A desert hermit living in a caveThe madman’s proclamation that “God is dead” refers to the fact thata. He has found incontrovertible proof that God never really existed in the first placeb. God has temporarily withdrawn Himself from the world, only to return at the end of timec. People have ceased to believe in Godd. None of the above3. The madman finds the death of God to be so terrifying becausea. All of his contemporaries are grief-stricken at the sudden disappearance of God, and do not know how to recover from this frightening piece of newsb. Without God human life is devoid of any intrinsic purpose, value, and meaningc. Both A and Bd. None of the above4. Shakespeare’s Macbeth says that life “is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.” This would be an example ofa. Theismb. Virtue ethicsc. Hedonismd. Nihilism5. “Life itself is essentially appropriation, injury, conquest of the strange and weak, suppression, severity…and at the least…exploitation.” Nietzsche here refers explicitly toa. The Will to Powerb. Slave Moralityc. Judeo-Christianityd. The German people6. Each of the following is a characteristic of an aristocratic society EXCEPT:a. They come into being through conquestb. Master Moralityc. They are the embodiment of will-to-powerd. They champion full equality among all members of society7. Master morality is to slave morality asa. nobility is to basenessb. higher is to lowerc. affirmation of life is to negation of lifed. All of the above8. The “good” of master morality is to the “good” of slave morality asa. Noble is to despicableb. Mediocrity is to excellencec. Despicable is to nobled. Rare is to exceptional9. The “evil” of slave morality is to the “bad” of master morality asa. cowardly is to heroicb. lover is to belovedc. self-glorification is to resentmentd. mediocrity is to excellence10. The “good” of master morality is to the “evil” of slave morality asa. resentment is to honorb. hero is to cowardc. base is to nobled. They are one and the same thing11. According to Nietzsche, the modern liberal democratic ideala. encourages slavishnessb. is the only honorable value to be found in Judeo-Christianityc. is embraced by master moralityd. is shunned by slave morality12. Nihilism is the belief thata. God is evilb. Nothingness is an illusion of the mindc. If we remain ignorant we will annihilate ourselvesd. The world is meaningless13. According to Nietzsche, the slavish individual expresses _________ for the noble types.a. admirationb. resentmentc. a feeling of kinshipd. affection14. According to Nietzsche, slave morality originates froma. a feeling of superiorityb. the need for slaves to survivec. economic inequalityd. faith in a higher power15. According to Nietzsche, master morality originates froma. the aristocratic man’s spontaneous self-glorificationb. resentment toward other aristocratic menc. the need to combat low self-esteemd. a will to the denial of lifeChapter 81. Ortega can best be described asa. a nihilistb. an elitistc. a feministd. an egalitarian2. According to Ortega, the masses have begun to insinuate themselves in each of the following areas EXCEPT:a. politicsb. educationc. the priesthoodd. the arts3. According to Ortega, the phenomenon of the “masses” as a concentrated group gaining power and influence in all sectors of societya. is nothing newb. is consistent with the rise of fascism in Spainc. is a recent phenomenond. is a cause for great celebration4. Each of the following is true about the mass man EXCEPT:a. he is the “average” manb. he belongs exclusively to the working classc. he is comfortable in his mediocrityd. he is not particularly ambitious5. Each of the following is true about the “select individual” EXCEPT:a. he snobbishly believes that he is simply superior to everyone elseb. he sets very high standards for himselfc. he assigns himself great tasksd. his presence is not limited to any particular socio-economic stratum of society6. The select individual is to the mass mana. as higher is to lowerb. as rare is to commonc. as noble is to vulgard. all of the above7. Before the advent of the “crowd phenomenon,” artistic, political, and intellectual enterprises were directed bya. anybody who wanted to take partb. only those who were select individualsc. only those who were qualified or at least thought to be qualifiedd. all of the above8. According to Ortega, hyperdemocracya. is a threat to liberal democracyb. is the mass man’s way of imposing itself on the rest of societyc. is the mass man’s way of stifling human excellenced. all of the above9. Each of the following is a characteristic of the “select individual” EXCEPT:a. judges himself against a high standard.b. complacencyc. qualified for intellectual, aesthetic, and political endeavorsd. runs the risk of being crushed under the weight of the massChapter 91. Sartre’s phrase “existence precedes essence” means thata. God created man as a “blank slate” on which he can make his own essence.b. Man created God in his own imagec. Man first has an essence, and then he confers on himself existenced. Man exists in a godless universe, without any determinate nature or essence: he creates his own essence through his actions.2. According to Sartre, when you choose how to live, you are choosinga. for your loved onesb. for all mankindc. for nobody but oneselfd. none of the above3. In Sartre’s view, the existentialist finds the fact that God does not exista. deeply distressingb. liberatingc. insignificantd. absurd to the point of being comical4. Sartre argues that when he speaks of anguish, he is referring toa. the feeling of having been abandoned by Godb. the fact that we are not responsible for our actionsc. man’s feeling of total and deep responsibility for all mankindd. all of the above5. According to Sartre, each human being is the sum total of his/hera. hopesb. actionsc. beliefsd. ambitions6. Sartre argues that when he speaks of forlornness, he means thata. We are not responsible for our actionsb. We can never truly understand human naturec. God does not exist, so we must face all of the consequences of thisd. all of the above.7. Sartre criticizes certain atheists in the 1880s that wanted to create an atheist ethics on the grounds thata. without God, there can be no a priori standard of good to which everyone is bound to conform.b. there can be no salvation without embracing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christc. atheists are generally very immoral peopled. none of the above8. Sartre argues that when he speaks of despair, he means thata. when one chooses, one chooses for oneself onlyb. one should reckon only with what depends on our willc. life is a tale told by an idiotd. all of the above9. According to Sartre, the value of one’s feeling is determined bya. the way one feelsb. what one believesc. the way one actsd. all of the above10. Each of the following is true for Sartre EXCEPT:a. You are the sum total of your hopes and dreamsb. Responsibility for one’s actions involves being responsible for everyonec. Man’s situation is characterized by anguish, forlornness, and despaird. We are condemned to be freeChapter 101. According to Dalrymple in the “Frivolity of Evil” essay, human beings are predisposed to commit evil.T/F2. According to Dalrymple in the “Frivolity of Evil” essay, “depression” and “unhappiness” are one and the same.T/F3. According to Dalrymple in the “Frivolity of Evil” essay, the Welfare State’s policies promote a sense of gratitude and civic and personal responsibility in the citizenry.T/F4. According to Dalrymple in the “How—and How Not—to Love Mankind” essay, both Marx and Turgenev displayed a deep and abiding interest in the individual lives and fates of real human beings.T/F5. According to Dalrymple in the “How—and How Not—to Love Mankind” essay, there is a temptation, particularly within the intelligentsia, to suppose that one’s virtue is proportional to one’s hatred of vice.T/F6. According to Dalrymple in “What We Have to Lose,” civilization does not require that that human beings practice self-control with respect to their appetites and desires.T/F7. According to Dalrymple in “What We Have to Lose,” human civilization is impervious to decay or destruction.T/F8. According to Dalrymple in “What We Have to Lose,” barbarism triumphs wherever civilized human beings do nothing.T/F9. According to Dalrymple in “The Roads to Serfdom,” socialist thinkers are correct in their assumption that, because humanity has made so much technical progress, everything—including problems of production and consumption—must be susceptible to human control.T/F10. According to Dalrymple in “The Roads to Serfdom,” collectivist or socialist ideology undermines personal responsibility and encourages uniformity of behavior and taste.T/F

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